Storage and Related Peripherals

C H A P T E R   1 8

Storage and Related Peripherals

This section presents the requirements for storage and related peripherals, including DVD devices, under the Microsoft Windows family of operating systems.

Specific requirements for SCSI, IDE, and ATAPI peripherals are defined in the related chapters in Part 3 of this guide.

System Requirements for Storage Peripherals

This section summarizes both the basic hardware design features for storage peripherals and the specific features for PC 97.

Storage Peripherals Basic Features

This section summarizes the hardware requirements for storage peripherals.

1. Bus master capabilities

Recommended for hard disk controller and CD-ROM
Required for DVD-ROM

Bus master capabilities, if implemented, must meet the related specification for the particular controller. For example, the programming register set for PCI IDE bus master DMA is defined in Small Form Factor (SFF) 8038i.

Correctly implemented bus master support ensures improved performance and Windows-compatible device driver support.

Note This recommendation will become a requirement in 1998. This recommendation does not apply to legacy floppy disk controllers (FDC) and will not become a requirement for the FDC.

2. Media status notification support for removable media

Required

IDE removable storage devices must follow the Microsoft specification named Media Status Notification v. 1.03 or higher. SCSI removable devices must follow the Media Status Notification Specification for SCSI and ATAPI Devices (v. 1.0 or higher).

3. Support Int 13h Extensions in option ROMs

Required

The Int 13h Extensions ensure correct support for high-capacity drives, consistent drive-letter mapping between real mode and protected mode, and other capabilities for both Windows 95 and Windows NT. Support for the "fixed disk access" subset of Int 13h Extensions must be provided in the system BIOS and in any option ROMs for storage devices that include BIOS support. The Int 13h Extensions are defined in "Int 13x Extension APIs" in the Layered Block Device Drivers section of the Windows 95 DDK.

4. General device requirements

Required

These include the standard requirements for a Plug and Play device identifier, automated software-only settings for device configuration, standard device drivers and Windows-based installation, and icons for external connectors. For more information, see the "Basic PC 97" chapter of this guide.

5. Device meets requirements for port or bus

Required

The device must meet all requirements for the port or bus to which it is attached. For example, a drive that uses the parallel port must meet all the requirements defined for legacy parallel peripherals (including requirements for ECP mode), as defined in the "Serial, Parallel, and Wireless Support" chapter in this guide. If the device uses a PCI, IDE, or SCSI connection, the device must meet the related requirements defined in Part 3 of this guide.

6. Easy installation for end user

Recommended

Ease-of-use requirements for installation and configuration are defined for SCSI peripherals and for IDE and ATAPI devices in Part 3 of this guide.

PC 97 Design for Storage Components

This section summarizes requirements related to Plug and Play and other bus- and resource-related design issues for storage devices.

Plug and Play and Bus Design for Storage Components

The items in this section are requirements for Plug and Play capabilities.

7. Plug and Play device identifier

Required

8. Conflict resolution and dynamic disable capabilities

Required

To ensure conflict resolution for resource allocation, the device must conform to the Plug and Play specifications for the bus it uses as described in Part 3 of this guide. The system must have a method for automatically disabling or relocating the resources used by the device if conflicts occur when an expansion card is added to the system.

Devices must be capable of being disabled with software settings only—that is, without requiring rebooting or jumper setting changes. Disabling the device must result in freeing all of its resources for use by other devices. DIP switches on boot devices can be used for an initial power-on default state or for non-Plug and Play system compatibility, but must be able to be overridden by software configuration after system power up.

The primary hard disk controller is an exception to the requirement for dynamic disable capabilities.

9. 3F7h and 377h unclaimed by devices

Required

To avoid having two devices in the system claim 3F7h and 377h, these addresses should not be claimed as resources in device registers, especially by IDE devices.

It is recognized that some FDC devices claim this range. Such devices can be implemented in a PC 97 system; however, the system manufacturer must ensure that only a single device in the system claims this range.

Power Management for Storage Components

This section summarizes the specific power management requirements for storage devices.

10. Compliance with "Device Class Power Management Reference Specification"

Required

The "Device Class Power Management Reference Specification" for the storage device class provides definitions of the OnNow device power states (D0 - D3) for these devices. The specification also covers device functionality expected in each power state and the possible Wakeup event definitions for the class. Power states D0 and D3 are required.

11. Support Wakeup Events defined in "Device Class Power Management Reference Specification"

Optional

For PC 97, the ability to cause a Wakeup event as defined in the "Device Class Power Management Reference Specification" for the storage device class is an optional feature.

Device Drivers and Installation for Storage

This section summarizes the basic requirements for device drivers and installation procedures for storage devices.

12. Device driver and installation meet Windows and Windows NT standards

Required

Each device requires drivers for both Windows 95 and Windows NT operating systems. The manufacturer does not need to supply a driver if a standard driver provided with the operating system can be used. If the manufacturer supplies drivers, the requirements for device drivers and installation include the following:

For complete details about standard installation requirements for drivers, see "Basic PC 97" in Part 2 of this guide.

13. Device and file system run in protected mode after installation

Required

The device driver and the file system must be running in 32-bit, protected mode (not "compatibility mode") immediately after installation.

14. Applications provided with the device meet Windows standards

Required

Any Windows-based applications provided with the device must meet Microsoft requirements for software compatibility, as indicated by the "Designed for Microsoft Windows" logo. However, any software applications included with the device can be installed using an alternate Windows-based installation method as defined in the Win32 SDK.

15. Device driver for partitioned media supports FAT32 partitions

Required

Device drivers that support partitioned media must support the new FAT32 partition types (0xB and 0xC), in addition to the Extended Int 13h partition types (0xF and 0xE).

16. Block-mode device driver supports extended BPBs

Required

Storage subsystems that include an MS-DOS - based block mode device driver (for example, Aspidisk.sys) must support Extended BIOS Parameter Blocks (BPBs) in the Build BPB device driver function call and support category=48 in the generic IOCTL device driver interface calls, as specified in the mid-1996 update to the Windows 95 DDK.

Floppy Disk Drive Controller

This section describes the requirements for any floppy disk controller (FDC) provided with a PC 97 system.

A floppy disk controller is not a requirement for a PC 97. Although most systems include some form of floppy disk drive, some systems such as diskless workstations do not need one.

17. Floppy disk capabilities provided through expansion card or external bus

Recommended

To support migration away from legacy devices for PC 97, it is recommended that support for floppy disk drives be provided by using a solution based on an external bus such as USB, PC Card, or an expansion card for SCSI or IDE.

18. Legacy floppy disk controller built into system

Optional

If a legacy FDC is included on a PC 97 system, it must meet the requirements listed in this section.

19. FDC compliant with all general storage device requirements

Required

These are defined in the "System Requirements for Storage Peripherals" section earlier in this chapter.

20. Resource configuration for legacy FDC device

Required

The resource requirements must be met for each device of this type on the system, not shared among devices of the same type.

21. Conflict resolution and dynamic disable capabilities for legacy FDC

Required

The FDC must be capable of being disabled. For example, if the FDC is located on the system board and an adapter card that includes an FDC is added to the system, the system-board FDC must be capable of being disabled to prevent conflicts with the new card. If the FDC is located on an expansion card, the expansion card must allow independent dynamic disabling of the FDC and the hard disk controller (HDC). In this case, the adapter will continue to function if the FDC is disabled because of conflicts, and vice versa.

Hard Disk Drives

This section summarizes specific requirements for hard disk drives.

Note In the "ATA and ATAPI" chapter in Part 3 of this guide, BIOS support is required for a logical block addressing (LBA) scheme compatible with the BIOS/CMOS and IDE register set constraints. This enables support for IDE disk drives larger than 528 MB.

22. Compliant with all general storage device requirements

Required

These are defined in the "System Requirements for Storage Peripherals" section earlier in this chapter.

Note The recommendation for bus mastering for hard disk controllers will become a requirement in 1998.

23. Drive spin-up time supports OnNow capabilities

Recommended

The hard disk drive should spin up and be able to complete a Read operation within six seconds of applying power and within three seconds of leaving the ATA Standby Immediate mode.

This recommendation supports the OnNow design initiative goals for a system that is "instantly" available when power is applied.

24. IDE drive supports M, S, and CS settings

Required

The IDE hard disk drive must be configurable as Master, Slave, or Cable Select.

CD-ROM Peripherals

This section summarizes the requirements for CD-ROM peripherals and the specific features for PC 97.

25. Compliant with all general storage device requirements

Required

These are defined in the "System Requirements for Storage Peripherals" section earlier in this chapter.

Note The recommendation for bus mastering for CD-ROM will become a requirement in 1998.

26. Performance: 4x or higher

Required

The CD-ROM drive must perform at this minimum level when running in the Fully On power state. However, a device can spin slower when running in lower power states, as defined in the "Device Class Power Management Reference Specification" for the storage device class.

27. CD Enhanced compatible

Required

For PC 97, the CD-ROM drive must be able to mount multisession CD-ROM disks, even if track 1 is Red Book audio. Microsoft recommends use of the Sony ReadTOC method for SCSI-2 multisession support as noted in the ATAPI SFF 8020i rev. 2.5.

CD Enhanced support must be Blue Book compliant, as defined in Enhanced Music CD Specification v. 1.0.

28. Supports required CD formats

Required

At a minimum, the CD-ROM device must be compatible with these formats to ensure cross-media compatibility:

CDR (Orange Book format) can be implemented. There are no PC 97 requirements or recommendations.

29. CD changer

Optional

If an ATAPI-compatible CD changer is present (seven discs or less capacity), the device must be compliant with ATAPI SFF 8020i v. 2.6 or higher.

30. System BIOS supports El Torito No Emulation mode if CD-ROM is the boot device

Required

For PC systems that use CD-ROM as the boot device, the system BIOS must support the No Emulation mode defined in the specification "El Torito—Bootable CD-ROM Format Specification Version 1.0," published by IBM and Phoenix.

Rewritable ATAPI Devices

This section summarizes specific requirements for optical storage devices.

31. Compliant with all general storage device requirements

Required

These are defined in the "System Requirements for Storage Peripherals" section earlier in this chapter.

32. Compliant with SFF 8020i v. 2.6 or higher

Required

This specification defines the requirements for ATAPI rewritable devices, including specifications for LUN implementation, media status notification, and device write protection.

33. Support Read Format Capacities command

Required

This requirement is defined in SFF 8020i v. 2.6.

DVD Devices

This section summarizes specific requirements for DVD devices.

The industry is currently involved in defining standards for DVD. Microsoft is working with the industry to define a command set for DVD. When this command set is adopted in the industry, support for this command set will be required for PC 97.

34. Compliant with all general storage device requirements

Required

These are defined in the "System Requirements for Storage Peripherals" section earlier in this chapter.

Note Bus mastering for DVD-ROM is a requirement for PC 97.

35. Meets minimum compatibility requirements

Required

At a minimum, the DVD device must be compatible with these formats to ensure that earlier media can be read by the DVD device:

36. Compliant with command sets for DVD

Required

The device must be compliant with SFF 8020i v. 3.0 or higher for ATAPI DVD-ROM drivers. Specifications for SCSI or IEEE 1394 DVD-ROM drives are yet to be defined.

37. High-speed expansion bus

Required

The DVD hardware must use a bus that supports high-speed transfer of multiple data types. Any DVD controller must be capable of sustained rates of 12 megabits per second at a minimum.

38. System supports PC 97 DVD playback requirements, if DVD drive support video discs

Basic PC 97 Workstation PC 97 Entertainment PC 97
Required with DVD-Video Required with DVD-Video Required

Systems that support video discs must be capable of properly decoding and displaying or playing the appropriate data streams. For information about the PC 97 required support for DVD playback, see the "Video Components" chapter in Part 4 of this guide.

39. File system accessible from the Windows operating system

Required

The drive will support Universal Disk Format (UDF) as defined in the DVD Alliance specification.

40. Push-to-close design, if motorized capabilities are included

Required

A motorized design is not required, but if it is implemented, the device must be designed so the user has three options to close the device when inserting a disc:

41. Defect management

Required

The drive must support defect management that is transparent to the operating system according to industry standards.

42. Copy protection

Basic PC 97 Workstation PC 97 Entertainment PC 97
Recommended Recommended Required

The drive should support the copy protection of movie and software content.

References and Resources for Storage

This section lists resources for building storage hardware that works with the Windows operating system.

Plug and Play specifications

http://www.microsoft.com/hwdev/pnpspecs.htm

Microsoft Media Status Notification specifications

http://www.microsoft.com/hwdev/specs/

Multisession Compact Disc Specification

Enhanced Music CD Specification v. 1.0

Philips Consumer Electronics B.V.
Coordination Office Optical - Magnetic Media Systems
Building SWA-109, P.O. Box 80002
5600 JB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
Fax: (31) (40) 732113

Sony/Philips CD-ROM hardware logo program:
Bert Gall, Philips Consumer Electronics
Philips Consumer Electronics B.V.

IDE and SCSI Interface Specifications

Global Engineering Documents
U.S. and Canada: (800) 854-7179
Other locations: (303) 792-2181
Fax: (303) 792-2192

ATA 2 [X3T9.2 948D]
ATA Packet Interface for CD-ROMs, SFF 8020i
Small Computer Interface (SCSI-2)
Small Computer Interface (SCSI-3) Parallel Interface (SPI)

Small Form Factor Committee (SFF) Publications
FaxAccess: (408) 741-1600 (fax-back)

Windows 95 DDK and Windows NT DDK

MSDN Professional membership.
The Windows 95 DDK includes the "Int 13h Extensions API."

Device Class Power Management Reference Specification

http://www.microsoft.com/hwdev/onnow.htm

Device driver support for FAT32 partitions

http://www.microsoft.com/hwdev/devdes/fat32.htm

Checklist for Storage

Basic PC 97 Workstation PC 97 Entertainment PC 97


System Requirements for Storage Peripherals

Storage Peripherals Basic Features
1. Bus master capabilities
Recommended for hard disk controller and CD-ROM
Required for DVD-ROM
2. Media status notification support for removable media
Required
3. Support Int 13h Extensions in option ROMs
Required
4. General device requirements
Required
5. Device meets requirements for port or bus
Required
6. Easy installation for end user
Recommended

PC 97 Design for Storage Components
7. Plug and Play device identifier
Required
8. Conflict resolution and dynamic disable capabilities
Required
9. 3F7h and 377h unclaimed by devices
Required
10. Compliance with "Device Class Power Management Reference Specification"
Required
11. Support Wakeup Events defined in "Device Class Power Management Reference Specification"
Optional
12. Device driver and installation meet Windows and Windows NT standards
Required
13. Device and file system run in protected mode after installation
Required
14. Applications provided with the device meet Windows standards
Required
15. Device driver for partitioned media supports FAT32 partitions
Required
16. Block-mode device driver supports extended BPBs
Required

Floppy Disk Drive Controller
17. Floppy disk capabilities provided through expansion card or external bus
Recommended
18. Legacy floppy disk controller built into system
Optional
19. FDC compliant with all general storage device requirements
Required
20. Resource configuration for legacy FDC device
Required
21. Conflict resolution and dynamic disable capabilities for legacy FDC
Required

Hard Disk Drives
22. Compliant with all general storage device requirements
Required
23. Drive spin-up time supports OnNow capabilities
Recommended
24. IDE drive supports M, S, and CS settings
Required

CD-ROM Peripherals
25. Compliant with all general storage device requirements
Required
26. Performance: 4x or higher
Required
27. CD Enhanced compatible
Required
28. Supports required CD formats
Required
29. CD changer
Optional
30. System BIOS supports El Torito No Emulation mode if CD-ROM is the boot device
Required

Rewritable ATAPI Devices
31. Compliant with all general storage device requirements
Required
32. Compliant with SFF 8020i v. 2.6 or higher
Required
33. Support Read Format Capacities command
Required

DVD Devices
34. Compliant with all general storage device requirements
Required
35. Meets minimum compatibility requirements
Required
36. Compliant with command sets for DVD
Required
37. High-speed expansion bus
Required
38. System supports PC 97 DVD playback requirements, if DVD drive support video discs
Required with DVD-Video Required with DVD-Video Required
39. File system accessible from the Windows operating system
Required
40. Push-to-close design, if motorized capabilities are included
Required
41. Defect management
Required
42. Copy protection
Recommended Recommended Required